Glossary is usually defined as an alphabetical list of technical terms in some specialized field of knowledge. This knowledge base glossary provides a collection of knowledge base documents that define many technical terms. These terms are arranged alphabetically, but you can quickly jump to a specific term by selecting its first letter from the index of the knowledge base glossary below.

In genetics, manifestation of a characteristic that is specified by a gene. With hereditary diseases, for example, a person can carry the gene for the disease but not actually have the disease. In this case, the gene is present but not expressed. In industrial biotechnology, the term is often used to mean the production of a protein by a gene that has been inserted into a new host organism.

Inflammation of the stomach and intestine.

A segment of chromosome. Some genes direct the synthesis of proteins, while others have regulatory functions.

Determination of the sequence of nucleotide bases in a strand of DNA.

The mechanism by which genetic information is stored in living organisms. The code uses sets of three nucleotide bases (codons) to make the amino acids that, in turn, constitute proteins.

A technology used to alter the genetic material of living cells in order to make them capable of producing new substances or performing new functions.

The total hereditary material of a cell, comprising the entire chromosomal set found in each nucleus of a given species.

Genetic make-up of an individual or group.

Reproductive cell (sperm or egg). Also called gamete or sex cell.

Good Laboratory Practice, as defined by the FDA.